HIV/AIDS

By Lorena Stroka

According to the international facts, the number of individuals who live today with HIV infection and AIDS have exceeded the 40 millions. The increase rate of pandemic continues going up and in 2003 were reported above 5 millions new infections and above 3 millions deaths. Most incidents live in countries of sub-Sahara where the frequency of HIV infection in people ranges from 1% to 39%. Most incidents concern adolescents and young adults, who are in the age of higher productive and reproductive activity. The pandemic has brought scary hurts in the socio-economic backround of many countries and a degradation standard of living, that leads to further spread of pandemic.

In Africa, AIDS effects mainly the women, who in many countries exceed in number the men at 2,5 times. 3 millions children under the age of 15 are infected with the virus, while in 2003 were reported 800.000 new infections and 600.000 deaths in children. Most of these children were infected from mother-to children. The number of children under 15 years who have lost one or even two parents exceeds 12 millions. These children, as well as all the children who live under particularly unfavorable conditions, are exposed to violence, drugs and the prostitutions and they are in risk of being infected with virus.
The view of pandemic ranges among different regions of the world in relation with basic characteristics, as the frequency of HIV-infection and it’s ways  of transmission. The middle frequency ranges from 0.1% in Australia to 8.5% in sub-Sahara the main way of transmission is heterosexual intercourse. In other regions of the world the pandemic is spread with different ways, as heterosexual or homosexual intercourse, the common use of needles and syringes from users of intravenous drugs. The rapid transmission of intravenous drugs is today the higher threat for many regions of world, as South-eastern Asia and Eastern Europe, where thousands individuals are infected daily with the common use of infected needles and syringes. The insufficient measures for safety of blood are responsible in some countries for the transmission of virus in transfused people. Also, in some provinces of Kina are infected people who arrive in the centers of blood donation in order to offer their blood on payment, because the blood taking becomes with the use of non-sterilized material.
At the same time with the epidemiologic screening, from 1996 are held behavior for Aids, sex and the sexual transmitted diseases, with the use of special questionnaires in the general population and in special terms. The results of these studies demonstrate sectors where should be an intensive information for strengthening of know ledges and to be developed training programs that would help the people to develop healthy perceptions and safe behavior./AlbStroka.com/

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